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FRAYER MODEL

Instructions​

  1. Select a key term or concept students need to understand deeply.

  2. Draw or distribute the four-quadrant Frayer graphic organizer. Each box is labeled with:                                                                                                     Definition                                                                                    ​                     Characteristics                                                                                                 Examples                                                                                                           Non-examples

  3. Start by doing one together as a class, guiding students through how to find a clear definition, list attributes, and distinguish between examples and non-examples.

  4. Assign a new term for students to complete individually, in pairs, or small groups.

  5. Discuss completed models as a class to reinforce correct understandings and address misconceptions.

  6. The Frayer Model can be used before instruction (to assess prior knowledge), during instruction (to reinforce learning), or after instruction (to consolidate and extend understanding).

MORE IDEAS AND EXAMPLES​

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​THE RESEARCH

  • According to the What Works Clearinghouse’s IES Practice Guide for Adolescent Literacy (2022), direct vocabulary instruction using graphic organizers like the Frayer Model can support reading comprehension by helping students integrate word meaning with prior knowledge.

  • John Hattie's research (Visible Learning, 2018) notes that vocabulary programs have an average effect size of 0.67, which is above the typical threshold for a high-impact strategy (0.40).

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